SOMALIA

Al-Shabaab and Abdulkadir Hussein Mohamed "Jahweyn" among the predators of freedom of information

Read the article on Al-Shabaab (http://en.rsf.org/predator-al-shabaab,42476.html)

There is no sign of any respite for Somalia after more than 20 years of war. Islamist insurgents, previously united against Ethiopia’s troops and now embroiled in internal rivalry and conflicts, have contributed to the chaos since 2009 by waging a war of harassment against the fragile transitional government.

The bearers of a strict version of Islam, they ban cinema, video games and radio music. Al-Shabaab (The Youth) has emerged as the biggest and best organized of these groups. It wages a campaign of terror, bomb attacks and targeted murders against leading members of Somali civil society who are, it says, guilty of serving the interests of the “Crusaders” of the West. Dozens of teachers, academics and politicians have been killed.

The victims include journalists, who are regarded almost by definition as enemies. Twenty-nine of them have been killed since 2007, either caught in crossfire or directly targeted by the various militia factions. Radio Shabelle has paid a particularly heavy price, losing three directors and four of its reporters.

Other Radio Shabelle employees fled the country. Al-Shabaab withdrew from Mogadishu in summer of 2011 but still controls a large area of the country, has its own prisons, carries out arrests and executes sentences. The militia also issues directives to journalists about how to cover the news and, in 2010, seized control of about 10 radio stations, which now broadcast its political and religious propaganda.

Read the article on Abdulkadir Hussein Mohamed "Jahweyn" (http://en.rsf.org/predator-abdulkadir-hussein-mohamed-jahweyn,42484.html)

Somalia’s permanent state of conflict creates a highly dangerous atmosphere for reporters and their work is made even more risky, even impossible, by the intolerance of Islamist militias towards freedom of information. The federal transitional government does nothing to support the work of news organizations.

As minister of information, posts and telecommunications, Abdulkadir Hussein Mohamed, known as “Jahweyn”, is the one who orchestrates the threats and pressure suffered by the press. He also forces radio stations to pay taxes that are not required by law or under official regulations. In late March last year, the manager and news director of the private station Radio Shabelle were arrested by the National Security Agency on Jahweyn’s orders. The two men were deprived of food and allowed no visitors before being released after 48 hours.

The cause of their detention was a report questioning the competence of the head of the transitional government, Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed. Journalists that criticize the actions of the government and its leaders are not welcome at official press conferences and are accused by the minister and his staff of “disseminating lies”.

In January this year, the information ministry blamed the murder of Hassan Osman Abdi, director of the Shabelle Media Network, on the Al-Shabaab Islamist militia but many in the Mogadishu media community doubt this version of events. Shortly before he was gunned down, the Shabelle Media Network highlighted cases of corruption in the transitional government.    

A Journalist Killed Every Five Days, Six New “Predators” Brings Total To 41

See the complete list of predators: http://en.rsf.org/#trombiPredateur

On Thursday, World Press Freedom Day 2012, Reporters Without Borders condemns the furious pace of physical attacks on news providers and reports that a total of 21 journalists and 6 netizens and citizen journalists have been killed since the start of 2012, many of them in war zones such as Somalia and Syria. This is a rate of one news provider killed ever five days.

Reporters Without Borders is today also releasing an updated list of its “predators of the freedom to inform,” a list that has grown in size and now has 41 members.

 “Let there be no witness to our crimes” and “let there be no voice but ours” – these are the watchwords of authoritarian regimes and armed groups that are hostile to freedom of information. What with crackdowns on protest in Arab countries, and suppression of political opposition, criticism and reporting in other parts of the world, the first four months of 2012 were especially violent for those who try to provide news and information.

New predators of the freedom to inform

The first quarter of 2012 has clearly shown that the world’s predators of the freedom to inform, led by Syria’s Bashar Al-Assad and Somalia’s Islamist militias, are capable of behaving like outright butchers.

The 2011 revolts toppled several despots who were on the predators list such as Libya’s Muammar Gaddafi and Yemen’s Ali Abdallah Saleh but they unfortunately did not reduce the overall number of these enemies of information.

Six new predators have joined this evil “club” in 2012: Boko Haram, an Islamist group that spreads terror in Nigeria; Egypt’s Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, which has regrettably taken over from deposed dictator Hosni Mubarak as regards violating freedom of information; the Somali federal government’s information minister, who is responsible for harassment and intimidation of the media; Vasif Talibov, the all-powerful leader of Azerbaijan’s “Autonomous Republic” of Nakhchivan; Pakistan’s intelligence agencies; and Kim Jong-un, who perpetuated North Korea’s predatory dictatorship on the death of his father, King Jong-il.

There is a growing trend for countries to have more than one predator. Six countries now have two. Somalia has as the Islamist militia Al-Shabaab as well as the information minister. Pakistan has the Taliban as well as the intelligence agencies. Azerbaijan has President Ilham Aliev as well as Nakhchivan’s strongman, Talibov, who has turned his fiefdom into a laboratory for the repressive methods that Aliev applies in the rest of the country.

Russia not only has Vladimir Putin but also his Chechen “guard-dog,” Ramzan Kadyrov, who shares his master’s taste for forceful words and gestures. The Palestinian Territories have both the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank and Hamas in Gaza, both of which use their security forces to harass journalists. And finally, the Islamic Republic of Iran has both Supreme Leader Khamenei and President Ahmadinejad, who – despite their rivalry – agree on gagging the media. Iran still ranks with Eritrea, China, Turkey and Syria as one of the world’s biggest prisons for journalists.

Other presidents, such as Djibouti’s Ismail Omar Guelleh, Sudan’s Omar al-Bashir and Uganda’s Yoweri Museveni, could be added to the predators list soon. Yemen, which had a particularly trying 2011, continues to be under close scrutiny since President Saleh’s departure. Burmese President Thein Sein, on the other hand, could be removed from the list if he proves to be the president of reform and democratization in 2012.

The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) were on the list for many years, like Colombia’s paramilitary groups, which are still on it. The FARC guerrillas were dropped from the list some time ago because they cut back targeted actions against journalists. But now the FARC are being blamed for French freelance journalist Roméo Langlois’ disappearance since 28 April, when FARC guerrillas attacked a military anti-drug operation that Langlois was covering.

Reporters Without Borders is following the case closely, and with the appropriate caution, as the claim that Langlois has been kidnapped by the FARC has not yet been clearly confirmed. But the organization intends to use World Press Freedom Day to pay tribute to his professional courage and to voice its support for his family and colleagues.

See the complete list of predators: http://en.rsf.org/#trombiPredateur

Vulnerability of cameramen, news photographers and citizen journalists

Freelance journalists, a growing number of whom are covering wars, have paid a high price in the past four months. Reporters Without Borders pays particular tribute to citizen journalists, the last bastion of the freedom to inform when governments want to crush opposition without the outside world looking on. Cameramen and news photographers are also favourite targets for repressive regimes that understand only too well the impact of images and their power of providing information.

In view of the turmoil resulting from the Arab springs, Reporters Without Borders has decided to accompany the region’s new governments during their progress towards democracy. After opening an office in Tunisia, Reporters Without Borders is now about to open one in Libya to encourage the government’s efforts to build a free and pluralist press. However, the Arab springs have fallen far short of keeping all their promises and we must remain on our guard, on the one hand, for manipulative attempts by new governments to brand protest movements as “terrorist” and, on the other, for the anti-freedom tendencies of certain protest groups.

Journalists’ safety and international agreements

Because of the growing dangers to which journalists are exposed, Reporters Without Borders:

- Urges the news media to begin a debate about the protection of the stringers, fixers and local journalists they use, and about the protection of their sources and the people they interview.

- Calls on governments to implement international provisions on the protection of journalists in an effective manner. Five years after the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1738, a status report is urgently needed on the specific steps taken to implement it. Governments must accept their responsibilities and obligations under paragraphs 6 and 7 to do their utmost to prevent violations of international humanitarian law against journalists and to end impunity for such violations.

- Requests a revision of the International Criminal Court’s statutes in order to provide specific protection for journalists, as a special civilian category, similar to the specific protection they provide for humanitarian workers.

- Urges governments to quickly adopt the Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Decision on The Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity that were drafted by UNESCO in March.

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